Courses in Global Legal Studies

Note: The number in parentheses ( ) indicates semester hours of credit. 

Required Courses for the LL.M. in Global Legal Studies 

Comparative Legal Systems (2) Law 256
This course studies various legal systems in the world today. The course examines the nature of law under both common law and civil law systems and focuses on Soviet law, Islamic law, both traditional and modern Chinese law, and the laws of developing countries. The course not only introduces radically different systems but also provides a better understanding of one's own legal system.

Introduction to the United States Legal System (2) FL 500
This course provides a basic introduction to the common law and essential elements of the United States' federal system, constitutional structures and principles, the legislative process, some core legal principles, and basic resources and research techniques in United States law.

Lawyering Skills for Foreign Lawyers (3) FL 501
This course is designed to develop research and writing skills of foreign graduate law students. The writing portion of the class will focus on analysis and communication skills in the preparation of memoranda, client letters, and other documents appropriate to a practice outside the United States. The research portion of the class will provide instruction in effective research in U.S. law and in US sources, including printed materials and electronic resources. 

Required courses may be waived only by written permission of the Director of the Center for Global Legal Studies.

Elective Courses

United States Commercial Law (3) IBT 715
This course will introduce international graduate students to the essential doctrines of United States commercial law. Students will begin with basic United States contract law, then move to a study of the Uniform Commercial Code subjects of sales transactions, negotiable instruments, and secured transactions. 

Clinical Legal Education (3) FL 533
Students selected to participate in this course will work with attorneys from private and public agencies approved by the law school. The students will assist the attorneys with advising and representing the agency or its clients. 

United States Corporate Law (3) FL 540
This course will introduce international graduate students to the essential doctrines of United States corporate law. Students will begin with a study of agency, partnership, and corporate law, then move to a review of the principles and basic practices of United States securities law and antitrust law.

United States Professional Responsibility Law (1) FL 550
Codes of Professional Responsibility regulating the practices of United States lawyers have evolved into sophisticated reflections of the nature of legal practice in this country. This course will provide international graduate students with a basic understanding of the major issues and approaches to professional responsibility in United States legal practice.

Independent Research and Thesis (3) FL 599
An in-depth study of a subject by the student, consisting of research and a scholarly Master's thesis.

A selection follows of elective courses available from other programs. For a more complete listing consult the printed brochures or contact the Director of the Center for Global Legal Studies.

Elective Courses from the LL.M. Program in Information Technology Law

Cyberspace Law (3) IT 808
This seminar considers such questions as what "rules of the road" ought to apply to the borderless electronic environment of cyberspace. Who can make the rules, how can they be enforced, and what will be the legal and political relationships among and between states, nations and the private sector in cyberspace? Subject areas will vary as the field develops, but will include such areas as tort liability, freedom of expression, crime and security, privacy, intellectual property rights and protection, regulation, jurisdiction, and standards of ethics and propriety.

International Telecommunications Law (2) IT 850
This seminar surveys telecommunications laws and regulations worldwide, with particular emphasis on the United States (both federal and state), Europe, and Australia. Also to be addressed are major international agreements and organizations affecting telecommunications.

Transborder Data Flow (2) IT 855
This seminar explores national and international implications of the flow of digital electronic data across jurisdictional lines; conflicts of laws and culture regarding content or expression in communications; and comparative analysis of US, European Union and other national laws that regulate or tax electronic messages or the transport of electronic data bases across national boundaries.

Jurisdiction and Judgments in Cyberspace (2) IT 860
This seminar examines issues of jurisdiction and procedure as they are affected by the international and borderless aspects of cyberspace, including personal and subject matter jurisdiction, conflict of laws, the effect of foreign judgments, the role of international organizations and transnational governments, and alternative methods of dispute resolution.

Governance and Regulation in Cyberspace (2) IT 865
This seminar explores various approaches to rulemaking and dispute resolution in the borderless environment of cyberspace. Attempts by international organizations, individual governments, industry groups, and private enterprises to create legal and regulatory structures will be considered.

Elective Courses from the LL.M. Program in Intellectual Property Law

Substantive Patent Law I (3) IP 400
The course explores the modern law of patentability and patent validity fundamentals, including: the Patent Act of 1952, Supreme Court and federal court cases, statutory patent categories, novelty, utility, non-obviousness, disclosure requirements, and claiming requirements. 

Trademark Law and Practice (3) IP 403
The course explores the historical development of trademark law, creation and maintenance of trademark rights, trademark registration and administrative proceedings, loss of trademark rights, infringement of trademark rights, proof of infringement, special defenses and limitations, unfair competition law, and jurisdiction and remedies. 

Antitrust (3) IP 404 
The course covers statutory and common law antitrust law, including: common law restraint of trade, the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, state antitrust laws, agreements, combinations, conspiracy in restraint of trade, mergers, refusals to deal, exclusive dealing, tying clauses, resale price maintenance, and criminal and civil enforcement proceedings. 

Copyright Law and Practice (3) IP 406
The course explores the statutes and case law defining the scope of United States copyright law, including: the 1909 Copyright Act, the 1976 Copyright Act, and the 1988 Berne Convention Implementation Act as it affects both domestic and foreign copyrights in the United States. 

International Patent Law (2) IP 413
Prerequisite: Substantive Patent Law I or II
The course provides a study of international patent systems, including: detailed consideration of the laws and practices under the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the European and Community Patent Conventions; the major national patent systems [including Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom]; and the Paris Convention. 

International Trademark Law (1) IP 414
Prerequisite: Trademark Law and Practice
The course surveys aspects of foreign trademark and unfair competition law, including: prosecution, renewals, licensing, assignments, watching, opposition, cancellation, infringement, use, marking, and existing and proposed international treaties [including the European Trademark Treaty, the Madrid Arrangement, and the Pan-American Convention]. 

International Antitrust Issues (1) IP 416
Prerequisite: Antitrust, International Patent Law, International Trademark Law
The course analyzes developing antitrust laws relating to patent and trademarks in European and Pacific Rim countries. 

Contemporary Problems in Computer Law (3) IP 420 
A seminar analyzing contemporary problems in computer law. Topics to be covered include: introduction to technology, intellectual property overview, recurring and significant contract provisions, integrated system transactions, liability and litigation, computer generated evidence/expert testimony, privacy/security, government contracting issues, bankruptcy and software escrows, taxation, international law and transactions, antitrust, domestic and international distribution, and software and database acquisitions. 

Unfair Competition and the International Trade Commission (2) IP 422
This course provides an introduction to practice before the Commission, with emphasis placed on Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. Course readings and class discussions will be supplemented with guest speakers who have significant experience in ITC practice. 

Transnational Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (3) IP 450
The course provides an in-depth exploration of the laws for protection of transnational intellectual property rights, including: international treaties, transnational litigation, transnational arbitration, U.S.I.T.C. proceedings, the process patent act, the European Patent Convention, the European Community Patent, transnational courts, the interplay between transnational systems and national systems, constitutional impediments to transnationals systems and the prospects for patent harmonization and a world patent appeals court. 

International Copyright Law (1) IP 455
Prerequisite: Copyright Law and Practice
The course analyzes international copyright treaties and neighboring rights conventions, the principle of national treatment, key aspects of copyright statutes in selected countries including the treatment of moral rights. The course combines a basic overview with an intermediate level exploration of selected important topics. 

Elective Courses from the LL.M. Program in International Business and Trade Law

Administrative Law (3) IBT 703
Introduction to the law creating, structuring, empowering, and limiting administrative agencies, with an emphasis on the principles common to all administrative agency action; topics include administrative procedure, the scope of judicial review of administrative action and the relationship of administrative agencies to the political branches of government. 

Admiralty Law (2) IBT 712
This course introduces students to general principles of admiralty and maritime law, including admiralty jurisdiction, carriage of goods by sea, bills of lading, the Jones Act and salvage law.

Aviation Law (2) IBT 747
The broad spectrum of aviation legal matters focusing on numerous other categorical fields; procedure, administrative law, the law of torts and, to some extent, of contracts and international law. Special federal procedures applicable to aviation disasters; law affecting titles in aircraft; liability for injury to persons on the ground; aviation rights in air space above the land of another; duties of common carriers; the Federal Aviation Administration; the National Transportation Safety Board; the Civil Aeronautics Board; conflict of laws; aircraft piracy; treaties and other agreements; federal and state jurisdiction.

Business Aspects of Immigration Law (2) IBT 725
This course will introduce students to those aspects of United States immigration law they are likely to encounter in providing a full range of services to their international business clients. It will provide an introduction to immigration law generally, then focus upon the key legal aspects of business immigration issues.

Chinese Business and Investment Law (2,3) IBT 780
This course is a basic introduction to the economic aspects of the legal system of the People's Republic of China. Among topics covered will be the historical development of the Chinese legal system, as it influences today's business law system; the contemporary law of business structures in China; foreign investment law; issues of human rights linkage with business and trade; and China's place in the global trading system. In the event this course is offered with a study trip to China, an additional credit hour will be added to the course. The coverage focus of the additional hour will be determined at the same time the course is offered. When the course is offered in a three-credit format, the course number will be changed to IBT 781 to reflect that fact. No student will be permitted to take the course in both formats. 

Commercial Law of the Arab Middle East (1) IBT 719
This course will explore current legal aspects of doing business in the Arab Middle East, as revealed in local laws, court/arbitral decisions, treatises and law review articles.  Introductory classes will lay the foundation for further study, by examining the sources of Arab commercial law (Islamic, civil and even common law antecedents), and how Arab constitutions and civil codes 'prioritize' these sources of law.  The course will examine specific examples of potential conflict between Western and Arab legal rules (including the classic Islamic law prohibition against interest on money, riba).  Subsequent classes will build on this foundation, by looking at practical examples of business transactions involving the Arab Middle East, such as product sales through commercial agency and distributorship networks, and the special problems that may arise in a multinational company's contracts with Arab government entities.                       

Current Issues in International Business and Trade Law (1,2,3) IBT 751
This seminar will explore contemporary issues relevant to international business and trade law. The seminar will utilize the talents of visiting faculty and experts in the field. 

Drafting International Business Agreements (1) IBT 733
This course will focus on drafting international commercial contracts and various clauses in such contracts.  The course will emphasize drafting, discussion of provisions drafted, building awareness of diverse drafting influences, the effects of these pre-drafting considerations on drafting, and review and discussion of selected international contracts and clauses currently in use.  The pre-drafting considerations include the impact of selected international conventions, selected local-impact foreign laws, and selected U.S. laws on your drafting exercises. Students will also learn about various other  pre-drafting influences on international contract drafting; gain an understanding of drafting options in selected situations; absorb many other drafting insights; and practice making thoughtful drafting decisions.

Eastern European Business and Investment Law (2,3) IBT 775
This course is an introduction to the economic aspects of the legal systems of Eastern Europe, comprising post-Communist countries of the former Soviet Union and the former Soviet sphere of influence. Although review of any one country will be limited, broad issues of property ownership, privatization, foreign investment licensing, joint ventures, and financing will be considered. In the event this course is offered with a study trip to Eastern Europe, an additional credit hour will be added to the course. The coverage focus of the additional hour will be determined at the same time the course is offered.

European Union Business and Investment Law (2,3) IBT 760
This course will address the nature and structures of the European Union, with particular reference to its substantive law of trade, investment, and economic development. In the event that this course is offered with a study trip to the European Union, an additional credit hour will be added to the course. The coverage focus of the additional hour will be determined at the same time the course is offered.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the New International Norms (2) IBT 727
The focus of the course will be to provide a background into a rapidly developing area of law.  Various aspects of a host of legal issues will be addressed, including international law, mutual legal assistance, criminal law, securities law, labor law, conflicts of law, contract law, and government procurement as well as a range of other legal regimes.

Foreign Investment Law (2) IBT 740
This course focuses upon federal and state efforts to monitor and regulate foreign investment in United States corporations, industries, and real property, and on foreign national regulations of, and limitations on, overseas foreign investment by United States entities.

Homeland Security (2) IB 717
This course will examine how the defense against terrorism impacts the private sector.  The course will explore the organization of the Department of Homeland Security including relevant statutes and related state laws.  It will also expose students to a wide variety of issues including immigration, trade and transportation, privacy and environmental issues.

Import and Export Law (3) IBT 700
This course deals with the basics of United States customs law and export regulation. Topics discussed will include import rules and procedures, tariff planning, administrative and judicial procedures for appealing adverse findings, the basics of unfair trade practice law and procedure, and the substance and procedures of export restriction.

International Antitrust Issues (1) IBT 745
This course considers all major aspects of international antitrust law affecting United States business.  This includes the Justice Department's international enforcement guidelines, issues of extraterritorial application of United States antitrust law, and the "effects" doctrine.  International enforecment cooperation and European Union antitrust enforecment will also be discussed.

International Banking and Finance Law (2) IBT 735
This course addresses issues of banking and financial law in international private transactions. Topics include letters of credit, banking and bank secrecy regulation and practices, efforts to combat money laundering, and currency regulation.

International Business Franchise Law (1,2,3) IBT 783
This course provides an introduction to the business franchise laws of a number of nations that regulate franchise sales, franchisor-franchisee relationships, and the operations of business franchise systems of domestic and international pedigree.  Students interested in the business franchise laws and rulings of particular countries will have the opportunity to propose adjusting coverage of the course to include their special interests.

International Commercial Dispute Resolution (2) IBT 720
This course will address issues of planning for, and resolving disputes in, international commercial transactions.

International Economic Development Law (2) IBT 770
This course reviews international calls for global economic development and public and private efforts to meet those calls. Within the context of the North-South debate, the course will consider approaches to international contracting and regulation of foreign involvement in economic development sectors, as well as development initiatives in the IMF, the World Bank, and the GATT/WTO.

International Employment Law (1,2) IBT 789
This course explores employment law issues that bridge national borders, particularly issues confronting multinational businesses, but also addressing labor unions, expatriates, and immigrants.

International Environmental Law (1,2) IBT 754
This course will focus upon problems of protecting the international environment, including the global commons, from transborder pollution and degradation. Problems which are likely to be discussed include acid rain, marine pollution, destruction of rainforests, loss of biodiversity, efforts to control population, and connections between environmental issues and issues of trade and development.

International Joint Ventures (2) IBT 714
This course will examine the legal and regulatory environment for international joint ventures, including the issues arising from and the entity structures commonly used for such ventures.  Topics covered will include entity governance, liability protection, tax planning, antitrust or competition law, methods of resolving disputes, the development and licensing of technology, and exit strategies.  This course will also review issues in negotiating joint venture agreements and the preparation of entity documents.

International Sales Law and Carriage of Goods (1,2) IBT 709
This course covers international sales and distribution of goods. Included will be a discussion of the Uniform Commercial Code, the U.N. Convention on the International Sale of Goods, the terms and conditions of international distributor and sales agent agreements, typical export documentation, letters of credit and documentary payments, and related international transportation issues. Prior knowledge of the Uniform Commercial Code is strongly recommended.

International Secured Transactions (1) IBT 710
This course will focus on: the basics of the U.S. UCC Article 9, key provision for extra-territorial application of Article 9, comparative legal provisions, international secured transactions (model laws and conventions) and international insolvency provisions.

International Trade Remedies Law (3) IBT 705
This course covers United States and GATT/WTO rules of response to unfair trade practices and certain patterns of injurious, though fair, trade. Specific emphasis will be given to antidumping law, anti-subsidy law, escape clause and market disruption law, and actions under 19 U.S.C. sections 201 and 301. 

Law and Practice before the U.S. Court of International Trade (1) IBT 706
This course will expose students to the unique rules of practice at the United States Court of International Trade. In addition, the course will cover, at an introductory level, the primary substantive areas of the Court’s jurisdiction.

Legal Ethics In International Practice (1,2) IBT 749
As global legal practice grows, lawyers increasingly face complex issues of professional responsibility involving multiple national jurisdictions, unfamiliar legal systems, clients with different concepts of legal representation, and professional climates based upon sharply differing ethical expectations. This course explores these issues from the standpoint of ethical standards pertaining to United States lawyers.

Masters Class in International Economic Law and Practice (1) IBT 799 A-Z
Masters classes will be offered on advanced topics in international economic law and practice by visiting and resident scholars. Typically, classes will be offered on an accelerated basis, such as a one-week session of three-hour evening classes, or in a two full-day format.

Recent topics offered under the Masters Class in International Economic Law and Practice have included European Union Governance and Regulation; South Asia Commercial Law;  International Criminal Law; China and The World Trade Organization; Globalization, Human Rights and Labor Markets; International Business and Trade in Antiquities, Art and Cultural Property;  and International Agri-Business; Law and Ethics in Global Business; Mergers and Acquisitions from an EU Perspective; Drafting International Business Agreements; International Commercial Arbitration; Law and Practice in Trade Compliance; European Company Law and Investor-State Arbitration under ICSID.

Multinational Corporations Law (3) IBT 730
This course covers issues of multinational corporate structures and the behavior and regulation of multinational corporations. Topics include joint ventures, approaches to regulating foreign direct investment, expropriations, and codes of conduct for multinational corporations.

NAFTA (2,3) IBT 765
This course will address the nature, structures, and substantive law of trade regulation, investment law, and economic development of the North American Free Trade Agreement. In the event that this course is offered with a study trip to a member nation of NAFTA, an additional credit hour will be added to the course. The coverage focus of the additional hour will be determined at the same time the course is offered.

U.S. Commercial Law (3) IB 715
This course will introduce international graduate students to the essential doctrines of United States corporate law.  Students will begin with a study of agency, partnership, and corporate law, then move to a review of the principles and basic practices of United States securities law and antitrust law.

U.S. Free Trade Agreements (2,3) IB 766
This course will introduce students to various U.S. free trade agreements and the legal structure that supports them.  Among the agreements the course will consider are the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Central America- Dominican Republic-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, the U.S. Chile Free Trade Agreement, and the U.S. Singapore Free Trade Agreement.  The course will address the roles of the executive and legislative branches and the U.S. Trade Representative in the creation and negotiation of free trade agreements. The course will also address the rules of origin and customs procedures, intellectual property protection, labor standards, environmental standards, various dispute resolution mechanisms, and the relationship between U.S. free trade agreements and the World Trade Organization.                   

Elective Courses from the LL.M. Program in Real Estate Law

International Aspects of Real Estate (2) RE 615 [Prerequisite required]
An examination of the special legal and business issues which arise when a foreign person or entity develops or finances real estate projects located in the United States, paying particular attention to tax issues. 

Elective Courses from the LL.M. Program in Tax Law

Business Practices for Tax Lawyers (2) TX 330
This course presents a study of the language and fundamentals of business activities. Topics will include basic accounting and interpretation of financial statements, as well as various business activities which give rise to tax issues, including debt, securities, mergers, and bankruptcy. The course provides the background necessary to apply tax law principles to common business transactions.

Comparative Analysis of US and Foreign Tax Systems (2) TX 384
The course will examine the fundamental concepts governing taxation in the United States and apply the US system as a frame of reference for examining taxation systems of various countries including Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, a European community country, a former socialist country, a Pacific Rim country, and a developing country. The above selections are tentative. Modifications may be made depending on the nationalities and interests of the enrolled students. The emphasis in each case will be on the principles and policies underlying the system of taxation under review. A comparative analysis of the various systems will be an integral part of the course.

US Taxation of International Transactions and Foreign Taxpayers (2) TX 387
A study of the US taxation of international commercial transactions involving US and foreign taxpayers. As business becomes more international in scope, most practitioners will be exposed to foreign taxation. This course covers US taxation of the income of US taxpayers operating abroad through branches and subsidiaries; the US foreign tax credit provisions; cross-border asset transfers; related party income allocations; foreign currency issues; the US taxation of non-resident individuals and foreign corporations; and bilateral income tax treaties.

Elective J.D. Courses Available to Global Legal Studies LL.M. students

Administrative Law (3)
Introduction to the law relating to federal, state, and local administrative agencies; the administrative process from the hearing at the agency level to the review of the action by the courts; individual problems of various federal and Illinois agencies; emphasis on the principles common to all administrative agency action. 

Advanced Claim Drafting Workshop (1)
Prerequisite: Intellectual Property Law Planning and Practice
This class is a continuation of Intellectual Property Law Planning and Practice. The workshop will give students extensive practical experience in drafting claims for all areas of technology. Experts will be brought in to give specific instruction on drafting claims for mechanical, chemical, biochemical, electrical, biotechnology and computer cases. 

Agency and Partnership (3)
The nature of the master-servant and principal-agent relationship; the contract and tort liabilities created by agents and servants; the principles and problems of partnership. 

AIDS and the Law (2)
This course examines the medical, political, and legal reactions to the HIV-AIDS epidemic. Regarding specific legal subjects, the course amounts to a survey of much of the law school curriculum including such topics as torts, criminal law, employment discrimination, education law, domestic relations, insurance law, estate planning, public and private health care law, international law, and others.

Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution (2)
This course involves a study of arbitration and mediation as means of resolving disputes. Principles of effective arbitration and mediation are explored and students have an opportunity to participate, through simulation, in actual problem solving. 

Antitrust Law (3)
Restraints of trade; price-fixing territorial and customer limitations; the patent-antitrust interface; refusal to deal; monopolization; tie-ins; patent misuse; requirements contracts; mergers; principal focus on the key US statutes; Sherman, Clayton, and F.T.C. Acts, with some attention to state common law and foreign legislation, including the E.E.C. provisions.

Appellate Procedure (2)
The study of civil procedure aspects of appellate practice; state and federal courts; intermediate appellate level and supreme court level; appellate jurisdiction; preserving points for review; the record on appeal; requirements for briefs and oral arguments; the relief available on appeal; the organization and administration of the courts of review including processing of cases; case backlog; proposals for jurisdictional reform at the appellate level. 

Banking Law (2)
The law of commercial banking with special emphasis on banking as a regulated industry; what is the business of banking; the savings and loan ("S&L") business compared with the banking business; the history and structure of the American banking system and the federal agencies; the dual banking system -- pros and cons; the rise and fall of the Glass Steagall Act; the federal Bank Holding Company Act; failing banks and S&L's vis-a-vis the FDIC and the RTC; failing safety and soundness considerations and FIRREA; state and federal usury laws and credit card interest limits; increasing capital requirements; federal preemption of banking laws. 

Business Franchise Law (3)
Development of the business franchise as a unique legal and business phenomenon; federal and state statutes, regulations, and cases dealing with the franchisor-franchisee relationship. Areas to be covered include governmental restrictions and preconditions concerning the sale of business franchises; procedures and documents to effect and evidence compliance with state and federal regulations; the rights and duties of franchiser and franchisee under the franchise agreement; remedies of franchiser and franchisee for violations of the franchise agreement; statutory and regulatory provisions which (a) require certain items to be included in the franchise agreement, and (b) prohibit or limit the availability of specific kinds of actions and remedies. 

Business Planning and Drafting Seminar (3)
Prerequisites: Corporations; Income Taxation
This course is taught through the use of problems that frequently arise in business. The following areas of law are discussed and applied to those problems: corporations, partnerships, taxation, and securities. 

Business Practices for Tax Lawyers (2)
This course presents a study of the fundamentals of business activities and related accounting and tax accounting concepts. Theory is supplemented by application. Subjects covered include accounting methods, depreciation, inventories, installment sales, deferred payments and original issue discount. This course provides the background necessary to understand tax law as it relates to business transactions. 

Children and the Legal System (2)
This course addresses the rights and duties of children throughout the law, in criminal, constitutional, torts, contracts, and family law, etc. The course also addresses "non-legal" mechanisms for protecting children's rights.

Civil Procedure I (3)
Territorial authority to adjudicate; jurisdiction over the subject matter of disputes; choice of law including the Erie Doctrine and conflict of laws; rules covering the joinder of parties and claims.

Civil Procedure II (3)
The theory and rules governing the litigation process including: pleadings, motion practice, discovery, pretrial conferences, trial procedure, post-trial motions, preclusive effects of judgments, relief from judgments, principles of appellate review; and an introduction to alternative dispute resolution. 

Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Seminar (2)
Prerequisite: Labor Law
The law of collective bargaining in the private sector and labor arbitration as it relates to the enforcement of the collective bargaining agreement; the statutory duty to bargain in good faith; mandatory and permissible subjects of collective bargaining; impasse; grievance arbitration; judicial enforcement of the labor contract; National Labor Relations Board deferral to arbitration. 

Commercial Real Estate Transactions (3)
Prerequisites: Property I & II, Real Estate Transactions, Federal Income Tax
Highly recommended: Real Estate Finance, Secured Transactions
This course is designed to introduce students to the complexities of commercial real estate transactions from a transactional perspective including integrating legal and economic considerations. The interests of the basic players; mortgage brokers, institutional lenders, equity investors, REIPs, developers, and pension trusts will be identified. This course will review the basic forms of real estate organizations, securities laws, non-traditional financing tools, state and federal regulations, and tax considerations. Thereafter the focus will be on an actual commercial transaction. Selected drafting problems will be included.

Comparative and International Patent Law (3)
Prerequisite: Introductions to IP law, Patent and Trade Secret Law or Trademark and Copyright Law
A critical examination of substantive non-U.S. patent law from a Mt. Olympus view to provide an overall examination of the theory and the actuality of patent laws around the world; as well as a comparison between the various laws and the U.S. law, including the Patent Cooperation Treaty; the Japanese Law; the European Patent Convention and other treaty arrangements setting out how the international patent systems both on the national and regional bases operate. Visiting lecturers will be included to discuss national and regional laws, international litigation and international patent licensing.

Computers and the Law Seminar (2)
This seminar seeks to bridge the gap between common and statutory law concepts and problems introduced by the digital computer. Students have an opportunity in this practicum to examine various disciplines in the law from the perspective of modern day computer technology-oriented problems. Subjects include an introduction to computer systems, hardware, and software; legal aspects of sale or lease of computer goods and services; issues of contract and tort liability relative to marketing and use of computers; special problems in commercial, intellectual property, and information law arising from computer use. 

Conflict of Laws (3)
The course covers traditional and modern approaches to choosing applicable state law in civil controversies that have multistate connections. It will also include the federal constitutional limits on choosing such law; the law pertaining to recognizing and enforcing judgments in states other than those in which the judgments were obtained; and jurisdiction over persons and property, especially as it relates to the topic of recognition and enforcement of judgments.

Constitutional Civil Rights Seminar (2 )
Prerequisite: Constitutional Law
The Bill of Rights; the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution and their implementation; survey of the 19th century background, as well as recent developments in equal protection and discrimination problems; "benign quotas" in education, employment, and housing; recent civil rights litigation; study of pertinent provisions of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 as they relate to civil rights. 

Constitutional Law I (3)
Judicial review; Article III requirements; federal legislative power; state regulatory powers; presidential powers; adoption of post civil war amendments; the incorporation controversy; the state action requirement.

Constitutional Law II (3)
Procedural and substantive due process; equal protection; and first amendment liberties.

Constitutional Law Seminar: The First Amendment (2)
An analysis of the First Amendment. Subjects include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and the penumbras which give these freedoms life and substance. The Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses will also be studied. 

Constitutional Theory (2)
This seminar will begin with an inquiry into the proper role of the Court in adjudicating constitutional questions. Next, the focus will shift to what it means-or what it should mean-to interpret the Constitution. During this segment of the course, an articulation and assessment of the various theories of interpretation (textually based theories, originalist theories, theories based on structural reasoning, notions of federalism and separation of powers, theories espousing the use of moral reasoning and value choices, constitutional adjudication and antiformalist theories) will ensue. The course will also include an inquiry into the nature of constitutional judgment and its relation to political or moral judgment.

Contracts I (3)
In this course, first-year students study various theories for judicial enforcement of promises, including the cause of action for breach of contract and related reliance theories. The course concentrates on the process of contract formation or mutual assent, the requirement of "consideration," and other fundamentals for the enforcement of promises. In addition, students study various defenses to contract enforcement, such as mistake, misrepresentation, duress and incapacity. 

Contracts II (3)
This course discusses the kinds of things that constitute performance and breach of legally enforceable promises (particularly matters involving express and constructive conditions) and the legal and equitable remedies that might be available following breach. The course also discusses the role that written instruments play in determining what constitutes performance and breach. In addition, the course discusses the kinds of situations, including mistake, in which performance is excused. Finally, the course addresses the rights of outsiders to contract transactions, notably the rights of third party beneficiaries and assignees/delegates. 

Corporations (3)
Recommended: Business Practices for Tax Lawyers; Agency and Partnership
The structure and characteristics of the modern business corporation; advantages and disadvantages; promotion and organization; how corporations act; authority and fiduciary obligations of management; proxies; consequences of unauthorized corporate action; separation of control from ownership (voting trusts, pooling agreements, and agreements limiting discretion of directors); shareholders' suits; determination of financial position and operation of controls over distribution or disbursements to shareholders; violation and shifting of such controls. 

Counseling and Negotiating Seminar (3)
This course focuses on the counseling and negotiating process. The lawyer's relationship with his or her client is explored, and the nature of the lawyer's responsibility and the interaction between lawyer and client in the negotiating and settlement process are examined. In addition, students study the negotiating process, are exposed to negotiating theory, and participate in actual negotiation problems inside and outside of class. 

Criminal Law (3)
A course in the substantive law of crimes. Principal emphasis in the course is placed on studying the sources and meanings of statutes. In addition to crimes against persons, property, and society, the course will include consideration of inchoate offenses, the principles underlying criminal responsibility, and the purposes and limits of criminal law. 

Criminal Procedure I (3)
Constitutional and statutory analysis, with emphasis on 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendment issues, including overview of criminal justice process; police practices; the right to counsel; the law of arrest, search, and seizure; electronic eavesdropping; entrapment; self-incrimination; lineups; and the exclusionary rule.

Criminal Procedure II (2)
Constitutional and statutory analysis, with emphasis on pretrial, trial, and post-trial proceedings, including the charging stage, bail, jurisdiction and venue, the preliminary hearing, the arraignment, the grand jury, joinder and severance, pre-trial motions, discovery, speedy trial, plea negotiations, fair trial and the media, change of venue, trial rights, double jeopardy, sentencing, post-conviction remedies, habeas corpus, and appeals.

Debtor-Creditor Relations(3)
Recommended: Secured Transactions
Study of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, its predecessor acts, other state and federal laws relating to the rights and remedies of creditors and debtors. 

Economics and the Law (2)
An introduction to important economic concepts having wide applicability in law. Property, contracts, torts, and remedies cases are subjected to economic analysis. The behavioral implications of alternative legal doctrines and policies are studied. No prerequisite level of economic knowledge is assumed. The concepts are introduced gradually and applied to a series of increasingly sophisticated problems. 

Elder Law Seminar (2)
Prerequisites: Family Law, Estates and Trusts I
The course covers the legal issues that face the aging population in the United States and worldwide, including health care matters for the elderly, pension and retirement benefit plans, estate planning and matters relating to the interests of family members.

Employment Discrimination (3)
Basic concepts, procedural problems, administrative processing, defenses and remedies in the law of employment discrimination, special emphasis on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination on the basis of age or handicap. 

Employment Law (2)
Statutes, regulations and cases dealing with a number of legal rights and concerns of employees and employers. Areas to be covered include: (a) worker's compensation law and practice; (b) labor standards legislation, such as wage-and-hour laws (e.g., Fair Labor Standards Act -- FLSA, public contract "prevailing wage" requirements), health-and-safety laws (e.g. Occupational Safety and Health Act -- OSHA), and an introduction to pension-protection laws (e.g. Employee Retirement Income Security Act -- ERISA); and (c) wrongful discharge and at-will employment. (The law involving Employment Discrimination and Labor Relations is covered in other specialized courses.)

Entertainment Law (2)
Legal considerations that affect the publishing, music, recording, live theater, motion picture, and television industries; special emphasis on laws regarding defamation, right of privacy and publicity, copyright and unfair competition as they affect the various entertainment industries. 

Environmental Law (3)
Consideration and analysis of federal and state statutes; regulations and relevant judicial and administrative decisions with respect to major environmental control areas including air, water, solid waste and noise pollution abatement, radioactive emission; National Environmental Policy Act; significant land planning legislation; interrelation between federal and state legislation and areas of responsibility. 

Estate Planning and Drafting Seminar (3)
Prerequisite: Taxation of Estates and Trusts; Estates and Trusts I
Integration of the law of property, as studied in: Property, Taxation of Estates and Trusts, Estates and Trusts I. Comprehensive property settlements; estate plans; emphasis upon the drafting of wills and various types of trust agreements.

Estates and Trusts I (3)
Prerequisites: Property I and II
A course in the law of wills and intestate succession, and the basic law of trusts; disposition of property during life or at death by means of wills, will substitutes, and transfers in trust; and including the requisites of valid instruments, the duties of executors, administrators, and trustees, and the rights of beneficiaries. 

Estates and Trusts II (3)
Prerequisite: Estates and Trusts I
A course in advanced concepts of the law of trusts and fiduciary administration, including administration of trusts and decedent estates, application of principal and income acts, and income taxation of estates and trusts. 

Evidence (4)
Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I
The law of evidence: relevance, the knowledge requirement, opinion evidence, evidentiary privilege, the rule against hearsay evidence and its exceptions; burden of proof and presumptions. 

Fair Housing and Fair Lending Law (2)
This course includes the study of federal, state, and local laws pertaining to discrimination in housing and lending. In addition to dealing with the theoretical legal problems presented by the fair housing and lending laws, the course will emphasize the practical aspects of handling a fair housing case from the initial interview through appeal. The course is highly recommended to those students who are interested in specializing in federal civil litigation. The course is a prerequisite to participation in Fair Housing and Fair Lending Litigation. 

Family Law (3)
Legal problems concerning the validity of antenuptial agreements; marriage, dissolution of marriage (divorce), declarations of invalidity (annulment), legal separation (separate maintenance); rights and duties of husband, wife, parent, and child; legitimacy and illegitimacy; adoption; adjustment of rights in divorce, including "fault" and "no fault" doctrines; property rights, including marital and non-marital property doctrines; maintenance (alimony); child support; child custody and visitation; legal status of infants; conflict of laws and constitutional law problems in family law context; remedies to prevent domestic violence.

Federal Criminal Law (3)
Prerequisite: Criminal Law
This advanced criminal law course covers federal substantive criminal law, including such specialized topics as organized crime, wire fraud, mail fraud, bank fraud, and other white-collar crime; RICO; drug offenses; tax offenses; and political corruption. The course will also present an overview of federal criminal enforcement resources and examine bases for federal criminal jurisdiction. 

Federal Courts (3)
Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I and II
Sources of federal jurisdiction, Supreme Court review of state cases, civil cases in federal courts, jurisdictional and procedural matters, federal habeas corpus, appellate review and certiorari.

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Law (3)
History of federal legislation; the federal statutes; jurisdictional requirements; current status of the law covering adulteration, labeling, and advertising, and compliance therewith; administration procedures; seizures (including multiple seizures, consolidation and trial of libels); injunction, criminal actions, and penalties; food, drug and cosmetic standards. 

History of the American Legal System (2)
In-depth study of the evolution of the American legal system, including the status of the English Common Law system as it was inherited during colonial times and proceeding through those steps leading to the establishment of the Republic; the history of the American legal system with emphasis on the historical framework of leading constitutional development; and the evolvement of the American legal system including the role played by the United States Supreme Court. 

History of English Law (2)
The development of the early common law, emphasis on the real actions and other procedural methods of protecting rights in real property, inquiry into the way in which the primitive law developed and reasons for that development. 

Human Rights in a Changing Society: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Law (2)
This seminar will explore the legal regulation of sexual orientation and identity. The seminar begins by examining historical viewpoints of sexual orientation and the myriad effects that religion, culture, science, and politics have had on sexual orientation law. The main part of the seminar will then survey legal issues affecting lesbians and gay men and others with a non-traditional sexual orientation. This survey will consider legal problems within a national and international human rights framework.

Immigration and Procedure (2)
A study of the immigration, nationality, and naturalization laws of the United States. The topics discussed are the immigrant selection system, issuance of immigrant and non-immigrant visas, grounds for excludability and waivers of excludability, grounds for deportation and forms of relief from deportation, adjustment of status, problems of refugees and asylum procedure, administrative procedures and administrative and judicial review, naturalization and nationality at birth, denaturalization and expatriation.

Income Taxation (3)
Recommended: Business Practices for Tax Lawyers
Defining gross income (income or gift, income or capital, damages, insurance, discharge of indebtedness, etc.), exclusions from gross income, assignment of income, personal deductions (medical, charitable, alimony, interest, taxes, etc.), personal exemptions, business deductions (ordinary and necessary expenses, depreciation, etc.), minimum tax, sales and other dispositions of property capital gains and losses, accounting concepts in taxation. 

Information Law and Policy Seminar (2)
In an increasingly complex and computerized society, demands for collection and dissemination of information place growing emphasis on the need to develop a comprehensive rationale for the management and control of information. Issues considered are confidentiality of criminal justice information; bank accounts; medical records and histories; maintaining informational privacy in the "checkless-cashless" environment of electronic funds transfer; the sometimes conflicting demands of fair trial-free press; regulation of national data banks; examination of such federal statutes as The Privacy Act of 1974, the Financial Privacy Act of 1978, the Privacy Act of 1980, and the Freedom of Information Act; consideration of federal and state trends in information regulation; the role of the private sector in protecting informational privacy.

A research paper is required, rather than a final exam, as well as a class presentation during the course of the seminar.

Insurance Law (2)
Insurance marketing, principles of indemnity, persons and interests protected, risks covered, rights at variance with contract terms, disposition of claims, fundamentals of life insurance.

Intellectual Property Law Planning and Practice (3)
Prerequisite: Patent and Trade Secret Law
Planning for efficient economic use of intellectual property; obtaining patent disclosures from inventors, patent search initiation and opinion analysis; preparation of patent applications including claim drafting criteria; analysis of Patent Examiner action and preparation of response; trademark search criteria, analysis and opinion preparation; preparation of trademark and copyright application; patent infringement analysis and opinion preparation; effective use of intellectual property licenses. 

International Business Transactions (3)
Business lawyers must increasingly deal with issues that transcend national boundaries. This course addresses issues of private business enterprises investing, producing, and marketing their goods and services in the international marketplace; national and supernational regulation of the activities of such businesses; expropriation and political risks; and policy issues relating to the existence of multinational corporations.

International Law Seminar: Classic and Contemporary Issues (2)
The topic of this small-section seminar will be announced each time this course is scheduled. Students will take an in-depth look at law relating to major international problems, contemporary or historical. Possible topics include agricultural trade law, international environmental law, international trade in information and services, transnational litigation, and human rights law. 

International Trade Law (3)
This course will provide a basic familiarity with the principles, doctrines, and statutory framework for federal and state regulation of transnational business activities; develop an understanding of legal difficulties, both practical and conceptual, to be encountered in doing business under two different national jurisdictions; prepare for handling transnational legal problems likely to arise in a typical modern business law practice.

Introduction to Intellectual Property Law (2)
A basic introduction to patent, copyright, trademark and trade secrets law. The class will be geared toward students who do not intend to enter into the intellectual property field, to give them the ability to advise clients on basic intellectual property matters, and a feel for when to refer clients to a specialist. The course is also useful to students who are considering entering the intellectual property field, and desire a basic knowledge to help them in their decision.
No concurrent registration in this course and Patent and Trade Secret Law. 

Labor Law (3)
The law governing labor-management relations, particularly federal regulation of employers, labor organizations and employees during union organizational campaigns and collective bargaining. Major topics include employees' rights to engage in or refrain from concerted activity, employer and union unfair labor practices, representation elections, and the roles of the National Labor Relations Board and the federal courts in administering the National Labor Relations Act and other federal labor laws. 

Land Use Control (2)
Prerequisite: Constitutional Law I
Municipal zoning, changes in zoning, amendments, spot zoning, variance and special exceptions, planned unit developments and modern residential subdivisions, covenants, floating zones, holding zones, state controls, land planning, modern controls of the land development process, landmarks, plat approval and forced dedication, flood plains, environmental controls.